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Ella Young (26 December 1867 – 23 July 1956) was an Irish poet and active in the and literary movement of the late 19th and early 20th century. Born in Ireland, Young was an author of poetry and children's books. She emigrated from Ireland to the United States in 1925 as a temporary visitor and lived in California. For five years she gave speaking tours on Celtic mythology at American universities, and in 1931 she was involved in a publicized immigration controversy when she attempted to become a citizen.

Young held a chair in Irish Myth and Lore at the University of California, Berkeley for seven years. At Berkeley she was known for her colorful and lively persona, giving lectures while wearing the purple robes of a , expounding on legendary creatures such as and , and praising the benefits of . Her encyclopedic knowledge and enthusiasm for the subject of Celtic mythology attracted and influenced many of her friends and won her a wide audience among writers and artists in California, including poets and , philosopher , photographer , and composer , who set several of her poems to music.

(1998). 9780300065213, Yale University Press. .

Later in life she served as the "godmother" and inspiration for the ,Hammond 1992, pp. 37–38. a group of artists living in the dunes of San Luis Obispo County. She retired to the town of , where she died at the age of 88.


Early life and work in Ireland
Born in Fenagh, , , she grew up in in a Protestant family and attended the Royal University. Contrary to some sources, she is not related to the scholar Rose Maud Young. She later received her master's degree at Trinity College, Dublin.However, in The Maunsel Poets (2004), David Gardiner says Young attended Trinity College, Dublin, not the Royal University of Ireland. In an interview hosted by Dunes Collaborative, says Young received her master's degree at Trinity College. See Arthur, Gavin. " Arthur Talks About Ella Young ". Part 5. Dunes Collaborative. Date unknown. Her interest in Theosophy led her to become an early member of the , the Dublin branch of the Theosophical Society, where she met writer Kenneth Morris. Her acquaintance with "Æ" (George William Russell) resulted in becoming one of his select group of protégés known as the "singing birds". Russell had been her near neighbour, growing up on Grosvenor Square. Dublin City Libraries , short biography. Young's nationalist sentiments and her friendship with gave her a supporting role in the ; as a member of Cumann na mBan,Young was a member of Inghinidhe na hÉireann (Daughters of Ireland) before it merged with Cumann na mBan in 1914. See Bradley and Valiulis, Gender and Sexuality in Modern Ireland (1997). she smuggled rifles and other supplies in support of forces.Starr 2009, pp. 324–26. Young's first volume of verse, titled simply Poems, was published in 1906, and her first work of Irish folklore, The Coming of Lugh, was published in 1909. Her close friend, Irish revolutionary and actor, illustrated both Lugh and Young's first story collection, Celtic Wonder-Tales (1910). Although she continued to write poetry, she became known best for her telling of traditional Irish legends. She also had a series of fairy experiences, which she recounted in the press.Alice Lawton, ‘Fairy Folk Talk and Sing to Her, Says Irish Poetess’, The Boston MA Herald (31 Jan 1926), 7


Emigration to the United States
Young first came to the United States in the 1920s to visit friends, traveling to to meet (Molly) and her husband, Irish poet .Hammond 2002, pp. 15–16. Celtic studies scholar William Whittingham Lyman Jr. left the University of California, Berkeley, in 1922 and Young was hired to fill the post in 1924. She immigrated to the United States in 1925; according to Kevin StarrStarr was State Librarian of California and history professor at the University of Southern California she "had been briefly detained at Ellis Island as a probable mental case when the authorities learned that she believed in the existence of fairies, elves, and pixies".Starr 2009, pp. 54–55. At the time, people suspected to have a mental illness were denied admission to the United States.

While based in California, Young began speaking at various universities in 1925, lecturing first at Columbia UniversityWalsh 2009, p. 75. and then at , , and . According to Norm Hammond,

Wherever she went, she was received enthusiastically, especially by the young people of America. They loved this white-haired lady with the eyes of a seer that appeared to be lighted from within. She spoke with a melodious voice; when she spoke everyone listened. She had a thin, wispy quality that made her appear as the apparition of the very spirits she described. Indeed, her skin had an almost translucent quality.Hammond 1992, p. 29.

Young lived in Sausalito in the mid-1920s.Lyman 1973, p. 65. She was the James D. Phelan Lecturer in Irish Myth and Lore at the University of California, Berkeley, for approximately a decade.Walsh 2009 says she held the position for seven years, but the Celtic Studies Program at UCB says it was ten years.

As of 1931 she had not received legal immigration status; Charles Erskine Scott Wood advised her to go to Victoria, British Columbia, in order to restart the process toward American citizenship. Her application for re-entry to the U.S. was declined for months on the grounds that she might become a "public charge".Letter to the editor from C.E.S. Wood, The Saturday Review of Literature, 14 March 1931, p. 668.

In 1926 Ella Young lectured at Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. She was hosted for a fortnight by the famous artist John O'Shea and socialized with the poet and with the "radical Socialists" , , , and . Two years later in The Carmelite she published her somber poem memorializing the suicide of local artist Ira Remsen. In 1934 Young penned an enigmatic review of O'Shea's exhibition of charcoals at San Francisco's prestigious Palace of the Legion of Honor. O'Shea's celebrated portrait of Young was exhibited in 1940 and 1945 at the Carmel Art Association.

(2025). 9781467545679, East Bay Heritage Project.
An online facsimile of the entire text of Vol. 1 is posted on the Traditional Fine Arts Organization website. Young believed that near Carmel was the psychic center of the Pacific Coast and "when the force of Lobos is released, a great thing will happen in America—but Lobos is not ready to make friends yet."
(1997). 9780195100792, Oxford University Press. .


Later life
In 1928 Young's book The Wonder-Smith and His Son, illustrated by Boris Artzybasheff, became a Book (runner-up). During the 1920s she occasionally visited Halcyon, California, a Theosophical colony near San Luis Obispo. While living in a cabin behind 's house there, Young finished writing The Tangle-Coated Horse and Other Tales, a 1930 Newbery Honor Book.Hammond 2002, p. 16. See
(2025). 9780838935859, ALA Editions. .
In Halcyon her eclectic circle of friends included , whom she had first met in 1928 or 1929, in San Francisco through their mutual friend Albert M. Bender. She traveled with Adams and his wife Virginia to Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1929, spending time with friends, visiting artists at the Taos art colony, and staying with Mabel Dodge Luhan. In Taos, Young also visited with Georgia O'Keeffe.Hammond 2002, pp. 14–16; Adams, Ansel. "Ansel Adams Talks About Ella Young". Part I. Dunes Collaborative. Date unknown. A photograph of Young and Virginia Adams appears in Ansel Adams's autobiography. Adams recalls that Young and fellow writer Mary Hunter Austin did not get along very well together but that conservationist Dorothy Erskine was one of Young's good friends.

In 1932 The Unicorn with Silver Shoes was released, illustrated by Robert Lawson. Young published her autobiography, Flowering Dusk: Things Remembered Accurately and Inaccurately in 1945. Later, she found particular affinity in the California Redwoods After battling cancer, Young was found dead in her Oceano home on 23 July 1956. She was cremated, and in October her ashes were scattered in a redwood grove.The funeral ceremony is described by W. W. Lyman in Part 2 of " W.W. Lyman Talks About Ella Young ", Dunes Collaborative. A grave marker is located in the Santa Maria Cemetery District, Santa Maria, California. Young left the bulk of her estate to the Save the Redwoods League.Last Will and Testament of Ella Young, registry # 8660, County Clerk's Office, County of San Luis Obispo 1956


Legacy
Writers John Matthews and Denise Sallee released an annotated anthology of Young's work in 2012, At the Gates of Dawn: A Collection of Writings by Ella Young. Writer Rose Murphy released a biography of Young in 2008.Walsh 2009, p. 75.
See also: "Ella Young, Irish mystic and rebel; from literary Dublin to the American West" Reference & Research Book News (2008); Lowery, Robert. "Irish-(North) America". Irish Literary Supplement 28.2 (2009): 28.
The South County Historical Society of San Luis Obispo County, California, is active in the research and preservation of the history of the Dunites and Ella Young.
 See for example:  An archive of her papers is currently held by the Charles E. Young Research Library Department of Special Collections at the University of California, Los Angeles."Ella Young Papers, 1900–1956". California Digital Library.
     


Selected publications

Poetry
  • Poems (1906) Poems (1906) at Google Books.
  • The Rose of Heaven: Poems (1920)
  • The Weird of Fionavar (1922)
  • To the Little Princess: An Epistle (1930)
  • Marzilian, and Other Poems (1938)
  • Seed of the Pomegranate, and Other Poems (1949)
  • Smoke of Myrrh, and Other Poems (1950)


Fiction
  • The Coming of Lugh: A Celtic Wonder-Tale, illustrated by (1909)
  • Celtic Wonder-Tales, illus. Gonne (1910) Celtic Wonder-Tales (1910) at Sacred-Texts.com.
  • The Wonder-Smith and His Son: A Tale from the Golden Childhood of the World, illus. Boris Artzybasheff (1927)
  • The Tangle-Coated Horse and Other Tales: Episodes from the Fionn Saga, illus. (1929)
  • The Unicorn with Silver Shoes, illus. Robert Lawson (1932)
  • Celtic Wonder Tales and Other Stories, illus. Artzybasheff and Gonne (Edinburgh: Floris Books, 1988) – selected from the four collections

According to , the so-called tales are "based on Irish material" whereas The Unicorn is "an original tale, though resembling both [Kenneth Morris]] and James Stephens in its telling of the trip of an Irish hero to the Afterlife". One library catalogue summary of the 1988 selection, perhaps by its publisher Floris Books, implies that "Young's classic re-telling of Celtic stories" comprises all four earlier collections. According to Ruth Berman, The Unicorn is "her original fantasy". As of 1999 it was long out-of-print but Celtic Wonder Tales, The Wonder-Smith and His Son, and The Tangle-Coated Horse were republished in 1991 by Floris Books and Anthroposophic Press.


Nonfiction
  • Flowering Dusk: Things Remembered Accurately and Inaccurately (1945),
Flowering Dusk was republished with permission of the Ella Young Literary Estate in 2025 in a limited edition of 300 by Holythorn Press.


See also
  • Fairies in Theosophy
  • List of Irish writers
  • Walter Evans-Wentz

Citations
  • (2025). 9780300092417, Yale University Press.
  • (1992). 096734641X, South County Historical Society. 096734641X
  • (2025). 9781558624313, St. James Press.
  • (2025). 9780299195007, University of Wisconsin Press.
  • (2025). 9781905785315, The Liffey Press.
  • (2025). 9780195153774, Oxford University Press.
  • (1989). 9780933174603, Wide World Publishing/Tetra.


External links

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